Biological activity of actinomycetes

Although systemic treatment of a display aquarium is often necessary, when possible, treatment in a quarantine tank will avoid the above problem in the first place. Please see this article for further information about medications: In a healthy Saltwater fish aquarium nitrates should be below 40 ppm. In a healthy Marine Reef aquarium nitrates should be below 20 ppm or even less, many reef keepers aim for less than 10 ppm.

Actinobacteria - Wikipedia

This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract The marine environment represents a largely untapped source for isolation of new microorganisms with potential to produce biologically active secondary metabolites.

Among such microorganisms, Gram-positive actinomycete bacteria are of special interest, since they are known to produce chemically diverse compounds with a wide range of biological activities. We have set out to isolate and characterize actinomycete bacteria from the sediments in one of the largest Norwegian fjords, the Trondheim fjord, with respect to diversity and antibiotic-producing potential.

Approximately 3, actinomycete bacteria were isolated using four different agar media from the sediment samples collected at different locations and depths 4.

Grouping of the isolates first according to the morphology followed by characterization of isolates chosen as group representatives by molecular taxonomy revealed that Micromonospora was the dominating actinomycete genus isolated from the sediments.

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The deep water sediments contained a higher relative amount of Micromonospora compared to the shallow water samples. Nine percent of the isolates clearly required sea water for normal growth, suggesting that these strains represent obligate marine organisms. Extensive screening of the extracts from all collected isolates for antibacterial and antifungal activities revealed strong antibiotic-producing potential among them.

The latter implies that actinomycetes from marine sediments in Norwegian fjords can be potential sources for the discovery of novel anti-infective agents.

Actinomycete bacteria, fjord sediments, molecular taxonomy, antimicrobial activities Introduction The demand for new antibiotics continues to grow due to the rapid spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens causing life-threatening infections.

Although considerable progress is being made within the fields of chemical synthesis and engineered biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds, nature still remains the richest and the most versatile source for new antibiotics [ 123 ].

Bacteria belonging to the family Actinomycetaceae are well known for their ability to produce secondary metabolites, many of which are active against pathogenic microorganisms. Traditionally, these bacteria have been isolated from terrestrial sources although the first report of mycelium-forming actinomycetes being recovered from marine sediments appeared several decades ago [ 4 ].

It is only more recently that marine-derived actinomycetes have become recognized as a source of novel antibiotics and anti-cancer agents with unusual structures and properties [ 5 ].

Many microbiologists believe that free-living bacteria are cosmopolitan due to their easy dispersal [ 6 ]. However, chemical and physical factors contribute to selection of species and strains that are best adapted to that particular environment.

Actinobacteria from Arid and Desert Habitats: Diversity and Biological Activity

Due to the broad bacterial species definition one may find members of one species in two very different environments [ 78 ]. However, comprehensive analysis of the recent studies strongly suggests that free-living microbial taxa exhibit biogeographic patterns [ 79 ].

Fjords are narrow inlets of the sea, which have been formed as a result of marine inundation of glaciated valleys. Typical characteristics of a fjord include a relatively narrow inlet, significantly eroded bottom and communication with the open sea.

The ecology of the microorganisms, especially bacteria, inhabiting the fjords is poorly studied. The Trondheim fjord km long differs from many other fjords by a large fresh water supplement from six major river systems.

	Mostly micro-organisms and plant roots, some soil- and litter-feeding invertebrates Decomposition of organic matter Various saprophytic and litter-feeding invertebrates detritivoresfungi, bacteria, actinomycetes and other micro-organisms Suppression of pests, parasites and diseases Plants, mycorrhizae and other fungi, nematodes, bacteria and various other micro-organisms, collembola, earthworms, various predators Sources of food and medicines Plant roots, various insects crickets, beetle larvae, ants, termitesearthworms, vertebrates, micro-organisms and their by-products Symbiotic and asymbiotic relationships with plants and their roots Rhizobia, mycorrhizae, actinomycetes, diazotrophic bacteria and various other rhizosphere micro-organisms, ants Plant growth control positive and negative Direct effects: There are many different types of organic molecules in soil.
Actinomycetes from Sediments in the Trondheim Fjord, Norway: Diversity and Biological Activity	Bradyrhizobium japonicum is the group of slow growing symbiont s of Soybeans plant host.
	This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Licensewhich permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Oral diseases are major health problems with dental caries and periodontal diseases among the most important preventable global infectious diseases.
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	Soil pH generally refers to the degree of soil acidity or alkalinity. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14; a pH of 7 is considered neutral.

In one year these rivers bring fresh water to the fjord corresponding to 6. From May until September the fjord contains a m thick layer of brackish surface water, depending on time, weather and location. In the brackish water layer the salt content varies from approximately 18 to 32 practical salinity units PSU.

The dissolved and particulate organic matter in the sediments from the fjord has both marine origin from phytoplankton and macroalgae as well as terrestrial from soil due to fresh water run-off, highly influenced by snow melting in April-May.IntroductionPlastics are man made long chain polymeric molecules (Scott, ).More than half a century ago synthetic polymers started to substitute natural materials in almost every area and nowadays plastics have become an indispensable part of our life.

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Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ganeshkhind, Pune is awarded with 'STAR STATUS' by The Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. By Carl Strohmeyer Updated 10/30/ INTRODUCTION: Please click on the picture for a better view, of a BASIC explanation of the "Aquarium Nitrogen Cycle".

Please see a . The current recommended physical activity guidelines for younger people to maintain a healthy lifestyle and improve health is at least 60 minutes of moderate, to vigorous intensity activity per day.

This should include aerobic activity, and muscle and bone strengthening activities. An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria and is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial yunusemremert.comotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of such infections.

They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.A limited number of antibiotics also possess antiprotozoal activity. Phylogenetic diversity and biological activity of culturable Actinobacteria isolated from freshwater fish gut microbiota The antagonistic activity of actinomycetes was tested by the Y.

Yu, H.R. Li, N. Dong, X.H. ZhangPhylogenetic diversity and biological activity of actinobacteria isolated from the Chukchi Shelf marine sediments in the.